Barium is an alkaline earth metal. It generally loses two electrons to have a charge of 2+. It is a soft silvery metal, that is lustrous. It is hightly reactive with H2O and air. Therefore, it is not found in it pure form in the earth. It is commonly found as barium peroxide, barium chloride, barium sulfate, barium carbonate, barium nitrate, and barium chlorate.
From wikipedia:
"Barium has some medical and many industrial uses:
Barium compounds, and especially barite (BaSO4), are extremely important to the petroleum industry. Barite is used in drilling mud, a weighting agent in drilling new oil wells.
Barium sulfate is also a good X-ray absorber, used in X-ray diagnostic work for obtaining images of the digestive system ("barium meals" and "barium enemas").
Barium carbonate is a useful rat poison and can also be used in making bricks. Unlike the sulfate, the carbonate disolves in stomach acid, allowing it to be poisonous.
An alloy with nickel is used in sparkplug wire.
Barium oxide is used in a coating for the electrodes of fluorescent lamps, which facilitates the release of electrons.
The metal is a "getter" in vacuum tubes, to remove the last traces of oxygen.
Barium carbonate is used in glassmaking. Being a heavy element, barium increases the refractive index and luster of the glass.
Barite is used extensively in rubber production.
Barium nitrate and chlorate give green colors in fireworks.
Impure barium sulfide phosphoresces after exposure to the light.
Lithopone, a pigment that contains barium sulfate and zinc sulfide, is a permanent white that has good covering power, and does not darken in when exposed to sulfides.
Barium peroxide can be used as a catalyst to start an aluminothermic reaction when welding rail tracks together. It can also be used in green tracer ammunition."