How is titration done on a large scale? e.g. industrial?

Question

In a classroom we use a scale and a watch glass to measure etc. how is this done on a massive scale? What equipment is used? Thanks

Answer 1

The progress of the reaction can be monitored in a number of ways. Let us consider a factory that wishes to produce sodium chloride from HCl and NaOH solutions. A large , possibly 50m³ reactor is used.

First of all, the exact molarity of the NaOH solution and the HCl solution is determined by preliminary laboratory analysis.

From these data the operator will calculate the volumes of both reactants to use.

For example , let us say that he charges all the NaOH solution into the reactor, and that the HCl solution is added slowly, with cooling because of the exothermic nature of the reaction.

The reaction could in theory be left to complete when all the calculated volume of HCl solution has been added.

But it will be found to be better if the process is monitored regularly - this is done by regularly removing a sample of the mix and doing an outside titration in the laboratory. The results enable the operator to constantly calculate the progress of the reaction.

Alternatively, the reactor vessel will be fitted with control equipment such as temperature control, to keep the reaction temperature within some optimum range, and pH which will keep track of the neutralisation of the base by the acid.

Different reactions will require different approaches, but the above simple example is an illustration of what would be done in industry.

Answer 2

Titration In Industry

Answer 3

On an industrial scale, you must still use the laboratory. If neutralization is required in a plant then the laboratory must titrate a small portion of the liquid and then scale up the amount of acid or base that must be added in the plant to achieve the neutralization. Following that step, the plant must submit another sample to make sure the desired result was obtained.

Answer 4

You can use a large refractory tank or a vertical melter, A large tank will give the glass a chance to melt and 'fine' (complete mixing with no bubbles), A vertical melter is a tank that runs a higher temperature and the lower viscosity of the liquid glass helps the glass to pass through quicker. The vertical melter is usually a bit more complicated and careful attention has to be give to batch materials to avoid having the glass adsorb unwanted gasses or turn colors because of oxidation state. Chemicals: mostly carbonates or minerals. Minerals because they are cheaper and melt easier. (an example is to make sure the dolomite ratio can be met so that your MgO source can come all from limestone. ) Borax for the B2O3. Making a glass from all oxides can be very expensive and difficult to melt. The machinery that is used depends greatly on what you are trying to make from the molton glass. The first thing is how the glass is delivered. An oriface to produce the correct flow of glass or the correct shape (ex. the oriface for a tank producing light bulbs delivers a sheet of glass, consumer ware usually is a free running stream that interrupted by a set of mechanical shears so that measured amounts of glass can be delivered to molds, glass for phones and hand helds goes to a V shaped trough and flows over the edges to produce a sheet that is free of defects.) Final shapes are produced using molds, flame edging, or cutting, decorating machines, machines that produce coatings. Art glasses usually require many hand tools and are not done on an industrial scale.

Answer 5

It's not done on a large scale. If titration is needed in industrial plants, a labor size sample is taken.

Answer 6

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